So\u011futman\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015finin nereye kadar dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hi\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcn\u00fcz m\u00fc?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
So\u011futma, \u00e7ok eski y\u0131llardan beri insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n hayat\u0131nda olan bir kavramd\u0131r. \u0130lk zamanlarda geli\u015ftirilen antik teknikler, teknolojinin geli\u015fmesiyle yerini g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki so\u011futma tekniklerine b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
So\u011futma faaliyetlerinin esas \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131, yiyecekleri g\u00fcvenli tutmaya dayan\u0131r. Eski insanlar yiyeceklerini g\u00fcvenli tutmak i\u00e7in so\u011futmay\u0131 kullan\u0131r ve bir mevsimde yeti\u015fip di\u011ferinde yeti\u015fmeyen \u00fcr\u00fcnleri di\u011fer mevsime saklarlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130lk so\u011futma faaliyetleri daha \u00e7ok kar ve buza dayal\u0131yd\u0131. So\u011futma faaliyetine ilk \u00f6nem veren topluluklardan biri olan \u00c7inliler, M\u00d6 1000 gibi erken bir tarihte k\u0131\u015f\u0131n donmu\u015f g\u00f6llerin kar ve buzlar\u0131n\u0131 derin kuyularda s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve yaz\u0131n bunlar\u0131n so\u011fuklu\u011fundan yararlanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Hatta buz mahzenlerini doldurmak ve bo\u015faltmak i\u00e7in dini t\u00f6renler bile yapt\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00f6ylenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130braniler, Yunanl\u0131lar ve Romal\u0131lar b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarlarda kar\u0131 depolama \u00e7ukurlar\u0131na yerle\u015ftirmi\u015fler ve \u00fczerini \u00e7imen, saman, a\u011fa\u00e7 dallar\u0131 gibi malzemelerle kaplam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7eceklerini so\u011futmak i\u00e7in bu \u00e7ukurlar\u0131 ve kar\u0131 kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar ve Hindistan\u2019\u0131n eski insanlar\u0131 kavanozlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 nemlendirir ve ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan buharla\u015fman\u0131n, kavanozun i\u00e7indeki suyun so\u011fumas\u0131ndan faydalan\u0131rlard\u0131. Yiyecekleri saklamak i\u00e7in so\u011fuk hava depolar\u0131n\u0131 kullanan ilk insan grubu ise Perslerdi. Bir t\u00fcr buz \u00e7ukuru olan Yakhchal\u2019\u0131 icat ettiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kimi kaynaklarda ilk so\u011fuk depo \u00f6rneklerine Eski M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da rastland\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilir. \u00dcnl\u00fc piramitlerin i\u00e7inde firavunlara ait mumyalar\u0131n muhafaza edildi\u011fi, kal\u0131n duvarl\u0131 ve serin yeralt\u0131 odalar\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve bunun da ilk depoculuk \u00f6rneklerinden say\u0131labilece\u011fi ifade edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Buz hasad\u0131, y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca g\u0131da so\u011futman\u0131n tek y\u00f6ntemiydi. 18. y\u00fczy\u0131l \u0130ngiltere’sinde hizmetkarlar k\u0131\u015f\u0131n buz topluyor ve buzhanelere koyuyorlard\u0131. Buz evleri, buz tabakalar\u0131n\u0131n tuzla paketlendi\u011fi, pazenle sar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yaza kadar donmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in yeralt\u0131nda sakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerdi. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130ngiltere’de ilk buz kutular\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. O d\u00f6nemde buz depolar\u0131n\u0131n ve buz kutular\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131yla ilk ticari buz ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Frederic Tudor, New England’da buz hasad\u0131 yapmaya ve onu Karayip adalar\u0131na ve g\u00fcney eyaletlerine g\u00f6ndermeye ba\u015flad\u0131. \u0130lk ba\u015fta %66 oran\u0131nda buz israf\u0131na sahipti, ancak daha iyi yal\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f gemilerle israf\u0131 %8’e d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc. Buz pazar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletti ve 1830’lar\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda buz, kitlesel bir pazar metas\u0131 haline geldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Buz hasad\u0131 zor ve tehlikeliydi. \u0130nsanlar yeni yapay so\u011futma y\u00f6ntemleri elde etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz so\u011futma y\u00f6ntemlerinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131na 1755 y\u0131l\u0131nda Dr.William Cullen taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan denemeleri \u00f6rnek verebiliriz. 1758 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise Benjamin Franklin ve John Hadley so\u011futmay\u0131 denemi\u015flerdir. Sonras\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve bir\u00e7ok end\u00fcstriye farkl\u0131 y\u00f6ntemler uyarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de so\u011fuk hava depoculu\u011fu ise Osmanl\u0131 zaman\u0131na dayanmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki ilk so\u011fuk saklama tesisi 1904 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019da kurulmu\u015ftur. Depolama faaliyetleri T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ilk olarak et ve s\u00fct \u00fczerinden geli\u015fmi\u015f, tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnlerine \u00e7ok fazla ilgi olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1962 y\u0131l\u0131nda Grasso teknolojisinin girmesiyle so\u011futma di\u011fer alanlarda oldu\u011fu gibi sebze-meyve alan\u0131nda da ivme kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca bu d\u00f6nemde so\u011fuk teknolojiyle yak\u0131ndan ili\u015fkili yeni bir kamu kurulu\u015fu olan T\u00fcrkiye S\u00fct End\u00fcstrisi Kurumu (TSEK) de so\u011fuk hava depolar\u0131 kurmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. O y\u0131llardan bug\u00fcne pek \u00e7ok so\u011futma teknolojisi \u00fclkemize gelmi\u015f, pek \u00e7ok \u015firket kurulmu\u015f ve sekt\u00f6r g\u00fc\u00e7lenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Biz de so\u011futma alan\u0131nda profesyonel \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler sunan Tekpan Panel olarak hem \u00fclkemizde so\u011futma sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00fc\u00e7lenmeye devam etmesi hem de so\u011futma ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek kaliteyle kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in her zaman \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam ediyoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kaynak\u00e7a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sarg\u0131n, Sevil ve Okudum, Ramazan; Isparta \u0130linde So\u011fuk Hava Depolar\u0131n\u0131n Kurulu\u015fu, Geli\u015fimi ve Geli\u015fime Etki Eden Fakt\u00f6rler, SD\u00dc Fen Edebiyat Fak\u00fcltesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Nisan 2014, Say\u0131: 31, ss.111-132<\/p>\n\n\n\n
www.historyofrefrigeration.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
So\u011futman\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015finin nereye kadar dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hi\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcn\u00fcz m\u00fc? So\u011futma, \u00e7ok eski y\u0131llardan beri insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n hayat\u0131nda olan bir kavramd\u0131r. \u0130lk zamanlarda geli\u015ftirilen antik teknikler, teknolojinin geli\u015fmesiyle yerini g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki so\u011futma tekniklerine b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. So\u011futma faaliyetlerinin esas \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131, yiyecekleri g\u00fcvenli tutmaya dayan\u0131r. Eski insanlar yiyeceklerini g\u00fcvenli tutmak i\u00e7in so\u011futmay\u0131 kullan\u0131r ve bir mevsimde yeti\u015fip di\u011ferinde yeti\u015fmeyen \u00fcr\u00fcnleri di\u011fer mevsime […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":18302,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18301","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tekpanpanel.com\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18301","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tekpanpanel.com\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tekpanpanel.com\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tekpanpanel.com\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tekpanpanel.com\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18301"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tekpanpanel.com\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18301\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18303,"href":"https:\/\/tekpanpanel.com\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18301\/revisions\/18303"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tekpanpanel.com\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18302"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tekpanpanel.com\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18301"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tekpanpanel.com\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18301"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tekpanpanel.com\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18301"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}